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MEDICAL TREATMENT

Research confirms that addiction is a multifaceted brain disease encompassing psychological, physiological and social dimensions. Treatment for addiction is often likened to a three-legged stool, with each leg representing essential pillars: medical support, psychological support and social support. Any absence of these pillars can complicate the treatment process.

Treatment for Addiction

The primary objective of addiction treatment is the cessation of substance use and the implementation of preventive measures to avert relapse. During the period of substance cessation, individuals typically endure withdrawal symptoms for about 0-1 month.

The detoxification process, which aims to alleviate withdrawal symptoms and diminish substance cravings, relies heavily on medical support. When assessing the need for medical support, several factors come into play, including the presence and severity of withdrawal symptoms, the existence of significant physical or mental health conditions, frequency of substance use and short intervals between cessation attempts, prior unsuccessful treatment endeavors, the susceptibility of the individual's environment to alcohol/substance use, challenges in orientation regarding location, direction and time as well as the history of epileptic seizures.

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Withdrawal symptoms can vary depending on the type of substance used and any accompanying psychiatric disorders. For instance, individuals undergoing withdrawal may experience symptoms such as sweating, tremors, muscle and joint pain, abdominal discomfort, tension, restlessness and insomnia. Medical support plays a crucial role in managing these symptoms effectively. Following an assessment of symptoms and other relevant factors, individuals may be referred to addiction treatment centers in hospitals, where psychiatrists may prescribe substitution therapies based on the substance used. Additionally, the presence of a social support specialist throughout the treatment process can significantly enhance the effectiveness of medical treatment.

Withdrawal Period (0-1 month): This stage marks the initial phase after individuals stop using alcohol or drugs. During the first month without substance use, they may experience physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can vary from person to person, with some experiencing more intense physical symptoms while others may experience more intense psychological symptoms. Seeking medical support to assess these withdrawal symptoms, coupled with psychological and medical treatments, will gradually alleviate and diminish these symptoms, enabling individuals to resume their lives with less disruption.

Early Recovery Period (1-3 months): This stage signifies a time when withdrawal symptoms have diminished or ceased and individuals no longer feel compelled to use alcohol or drugs. However, they may mistakenly believe they have fully recovered and no longer require treatment, potentially overlooking certain risky situations. During this stage, individuals should be informed about these situations. In addition, individuals may also experience fatigue, lethargy and feelings of depression.

Prolonged Recovery Period (3-6 months): This stage is characterized by uncertainty for individuals who have structured much of their lives around addiction and may struggle to navigate life without addictive behaviors. They may experience feelings of dissatisfaction, anhedonia and emptiness. It is a period when they may be vulnerable to relapse behaviors and thoughts that could lead to alcohol or drug use. Active participation in self-help groups and continued psychosocial support can aid individuals in navigating this period more comfortably.

Restructuring Phase (6 months and beyond): During this phase, individuals in recovery move beyond previous stages and embark on the final stage of restructuring, where they begin to form new friendships and interests, thus creating a new lifestyle. Additionally, they may seek employment during this phase. Essentially, in this phase, individuals move away from many withdrawal symptoms and feelings of longing for the past, replacing them with new and healthy habits to fill certain gaps.

Finally, the recovery process involves individuals gaining a better understanding of themselves, recognizing the factors contributing to substance use and acquiring skills to intervene. The gains made during the recovery process are crucial for preventing relapse after treatment.

Green Crescent Counseling Center (YEDAM), a service provided by the Turkish Green Crescent Society, primarily offers psychosocial support to individuals with addiction and their families, without providing medical detoxification or medical support services. If there is a need for medical treatment, individuals are assessed and referred to other appropriate institutions accordingly.

Criteria for medical support:

  • If there are any withdrawal symptoms and if their severity, frequency and impact on daily life are increasing,
  • If there is a significant and clear physical and/or mental disease,
  • If substance use is frequent and withdrawal periods are short,
  • If previous outpatient treatments have been unsuccessful,
  • If the individual is living in an environment suitable for alcohol/substance use (such as their surroundings, occupation, etc.),
  • If there is heroin or similar substance use involved,
  • If the individual is experiencing confusion or reports confusion at home (such as loss of orientation in place, direction and time),
  • If there is a history of epileptic (seizure) episodes,
  • If there has been a history of delirium tremens.

In such cases, individuals are referred to an Alcohol and Substance Treatment Center (AMATEM). It is essential for a Social Services Specialist to accompany individuals referred for medical support, as they ensure the seamless integration of treatment processes with YEDAM by overseeing their hospital procedures.

For more detailed information on the topics covered in this section, you may refer to the following sources:

· Green Crescent Counseling Center (YEDAM)

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The International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the International Federation of the Green Crescent (IFGC) will sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in Geneva to strengthen collaboration in supporting vulnerable and displaced communities through prevention, recovery, mental health, and inclusive community-based approaches. The signing ceremony will take place on 19 May 2026 at 11:00 a.m. in Geneva, at the Permanent Mission of Türkiye to the United Nations, with the participation of IFGC Secretary General Ambassador Dr. Mehmet Güllüoğlu representing IFGC, and Director of the Mobility Pathways and Inclusion Department at IOM, Vincent Houver, representing IOM. The partnership reflects a shared commitment to addressing the complex social and health challenges faced by migrants, displaced populations, and people on the move, including mental health concerns, psychosocial needs, and substance use-related risks. With the MOU, the International Federation of Green Crescent (IFGC) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM) will coordinate their respective expertise to maximize cooperation for vulnerable and crisis-affected populations. Under this strategic framework, IFGC will deploy its extensive capabilities in the prevention and treatment of alcohol, drug, and other addictive behaviors, while IOM will integrate its comprehensive mental health and psychosocial support mechanisms for migrants. Moving forward, both organizations will actively align their field activities and, whenever common interests dictate, directly request mutual support to deliver a unified, highly effective response that addresses both substance use and psychological resilience globally. This collaboration further highlights IOM’s broader efforts to promote mental health, psychosocial well-being, social inclusion, and resilience among migrants and crisis-affected populations through strategic cooperation with international and regional partners. For IFGC, the partnership underscores its commitment to advancing prevention and recovery-oriented approaches globally by strengthening collaboration with international stakeholders, expanding outreach to vulnerable populations, and contributing expertise in evidence-based and community-oriented prevention strategies within humanitarian and migration contexts. IOM founded its Mental Health, Psychosocial Support and Intercultural Communication Unit in 1999 and remains committed to providing interconnected psychological and social support to people on the move and conflict-affected populations, embedding MHPSS within humanitarian response, recovery programming, public health initiatives, and migrant protection and assistance services.  

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The International Federation of Green Crescent (IFGC) took part in the 8th Global Alcohol Policy Conference (GAPC 2026), held in Rio de Janeiro, contributing to global discussions on alcohol policy with its public health-oriented approach and international experience in 8-10 April 2026. The conference brought together policymakers, researchers, and civil society representatives from around the world to address the growing challenges of alcohol-related harm and to promote evidence-based solutions.  As part of the participation, IFGC established an exhibition stand at the conference venue, where it showcased its global activities, partnerships, and ongoing efforts in the field of addiction prevention. The stand attracted considerable interest from participants and served as a platform to strengthen international cooperation and visibility.  During the conference, Ambassador Dr. Mehmet Güllüoğlu, Secretary General of IFGC and Vice President of the Turkish Green Crescent Society, delivered a presentation titled “Public Support for Alcohol Control Policies in Türkiye.” The presentation highlighted findings on public attitudes toward alcohol control measures, emphasizing the strong societal support for policies aimed at protecting public health, particularly among youth and vulnerable groups.  The conference also featured the participation of the Conectados Pela Vida (Green Crescent Brazil), with its President Dr. Alexandre Kieslich Da Silva, taking part in the sessions. In addition, Prof. Dr. Perihan Torun from the Turkish Green Crescent Society also participated the conference. The active engagement of IFGC and its network members underscored the Federation’s growing role in shaping international dialogue on alcohol policy.

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