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PUBLIC HEALTH

Public health, the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical and mental health, sanitation, personal hygiene, control of infectious diseases, and organization of health services. From the normal human interactions involved in dealing with the many problems of social life, there has emerged a recognition of the importance of community action in the promotion of health and the prevention and treatment of disease, and this is expressed in the concept of public health.

In the realm of public health, it's vital to subject the emergence and spread of issues, as well as methods to prevent them, to rigorous scientific researches. This involves analyzing scientific data and sharing it with the public and authorities. National and international scientific conferences play a crucial role in exploring approaches to preventing addiction and assessing implementation opportunities within the context of public health.

Ensuring the health and well-being of individuals without any disease or disability, maintaining their health and improving it as well as enhancing their quality of life are fundamental responsibilities within the field of Public Health. While other medical specialties prioritize treating diseases, Public Health places health above all else. In Public Health, healthcare must be provided to the entire community, regardless of whether there's a demand for services, as being healthy is not just a prerequisite for individual happiness but also a human right that extends beyond personal welfare to societal well-being.

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In Public Health services, a variety of initiatives aim to preserve and enhance public health. These include immunization against infectious diseases, nutritional education to promote balanced diets, measures to combat air and water pollution, preventive actions against harmful substance use like alcohol and addiction and raising awareness to encourage healthy lifestyles. Since ordinary individuals typically don't seek out such services on their own, ensuring their participation in these initiatives requires specialized expertise and presents a challenging task.

3 Elements of Public Health (3P)

(P)revention  

(P)romotion 

(P)rotection

Why Public Health Matters?

  • It supports the early detection of health issues and the implementation of suitable treatment methods.
  • With its interdisciplinary approach, it also delves into the socio-economic factors underlying disease causes, offering vital insights for effective solutions.
  • Public health caters to the entire population, ensuring no individual is left in disadvantaged circumstances.
  • It ensures the community is well-informed about health threats.
  • Through preventive measures, it presents a cost-effective alternative compared to the funds allocated for treatment.

How can public health be addressed from a sustainable development perspective?

Public health, a cornerstone of sustainable development, intersects with various issues and sectors, spanning from economics to social engagement, climate change to security. Therefore, collaboration, a prerequisite for global development, is an integral aspect of public health endeavors.

While the Millennium Development Goals set specific targets for certain diseases between 2000 and 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals established in 2015 articulate a broader objective in health. Aligned with the aim of "Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages," the UN has issued a global call to action.

What is the relationship between development and public health?

Countries with the most successful public health initiatives are typically those classified as developed nations. Recognizing that a nation's most valuable asset is its healthy human capital, these countries prioritize preventive and promotive activities to safeguard and enhance public health, rather than solely focusing on hospital-based medical treatments. Consequently, in countries that prioritize public health, where individuals rarely seek healthcare facilities with requests such as "prolong my life" or "protect my children from infectious diseases and harmful substance habits," the average life expectancy at birth is significantly longer, infant and child mortality rates are much lower, and overall health indicators are notably superior compared to other nations.

Globally, one of the major challenges in addiction treatment lies in the disparities in accessing appropriate treatment and support services. Especially in low-income countries, there may be insufficient resources and expertise available for addiction treatment. This situation exacerbates global inequality in addressing addiction-related issues.

How does public health approach the issue of addiction?

On a global scale, tobacco use remains one of the greatest threats to public health, causing over 8 million deaths annually and tobacco control continues to be a global health priority. According to the World Health Statistics 2023 report, there have been significant reductions in per capita alcohol consumption in Europe (17% decrease) and Africa (18% decrease) between 2000 and 2019, while the Americas region has experienced stagnation, and significant increases in per capita consumption have been observed in the Southeast Asia (112% increase) and Western Pacific (40% increase) regions.

Additionally, a study published in Tension Trusted Source has found that even small amounts of alcohol consumption can raise blood pressure.

Current research on gambling shows that approximately 40% of adolescents engage in simulated gambling games. However, it is noted that even these games, which do not involve financial risk, can still increase individuals' interest in gambling. The shift of adults who grew up with video games and online gambling to sports betting is the newest area of interest for researchers trying to understand the effects on both people with gambling addiction and those exposed to gambling early.

In June 2023, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) published the "World Drug Report." According to the report, one out of every 17 individuals aged 15-64 has used at least one illicit drug within the past year. The estimated number of drug users increased from 250 million in 2011 to 296 million in 2021. Additionally, according to the European Drug Report, cannabis continues to be the most widely consumed illicit drug in Europe.

Efforts in public health require a special worldview, a different philosophy, and are an open field for collaboration not only for physicians but also for many professions related to health or social sciences.

Since public health efforts are directed towards society without individual demands and results take a long time to emerge, successful outcomes may not be immediately visible. Therefore, the primary source of satisfaction in preventing addiction is the improvement in the health status and quality of life of the communities in which individuals live.

References

For more detailed information on the topics covered in this section, you may refer to the following sources:

· Britannica Editors. (2025, October 11). Public health. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/public-health

· World Health Organization (WHO) (2023). World Health Statistics 2023. Geneva: WHO. https://www.who.int/data/gho

· United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2023). World Drug Report 2023. Vienna: UNODC. https://www.unodc.org

· European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) (2023). European Drug Report 2023. Lisbon: EMCDDA. https://www.emcdda.europa.eu

More Latest News

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The Board of Directors Meeting of the International Federation of Green Crescent (IFGC), whose permanent secretariat is carried out by the Turkish Green Crescent Society, was held on 29–30 January 2026 in Istanbul, Türkiye. During the meeting, the Federation’s ongoing activities were reviewed, and key issues related to organizational structure, governance processes, and strategic priorities were discussed. The meeting was attended by IFGC Board Members and IFGC Secretary General Ambassador Dr. Mehmet Güllüoğlu. Participants included Kazım Ateş, President of Green Crescent Australia (Australia); Petar Gramatikof, Board Member of Yeshilay Bulgaria Association (Bulgaria); Shagabitdin Kerimov, President of Dagestan Green Crescent (Dagestan); Era Catur Prasetya, President of Yayasan Green Crescent Indonesia (Indonesia); Nihad Dervisevic, Secretary General of Zeleni Krst – Zeleni Polumsejec (Serbia); and Magid Mayanja Kagimu, President of the Uganda Green Crescent Society (Uganda). Following the Board Meeting, participants attended the Strong Family Workshop organized by the Turkish Green Crescent Society. Conducted through interactive dialogue, the workshop addressed effective parent–child communication methods and protective approaches against addictions. As part of the program, on Friday, 30 January 2026, the IFGC Board Members carried out a field visit to the Bursa Green Crescent Rehabilitation Center. During the visit, participants received comprehensive information on the Center’s services and had the opportunity to observe Türkiye’s rehabilitation and treatment practices on site.  The field visit included a detailed presentation by Tuba Bilmişoğlu, Director of the Bursa Green Crescent Rehabilitation Center. Board Members examined rehabilitation and treatment approaches firsthand and exchanged views with expert professionals on addiction prevention, recovery processes, and psychosocial support practices. The visit contributed to the international sharing of the Green Crescent’s experience in the field of rehabilitation. The IFGC Board of Directors Meeting aims to strengthen the Federation’s strategic direction, enhance governance capacity, promote international cooperation, and further reinforce its global role in addiction prevention, treatment, and public health advocacy.   

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The International Federation of Green Crescent (IFGC) has taken significant steps throughout 2026 to strengthen international cooperation, institutional capacity, and global advocacy through its active Working Groups. The Scientific Working Group, the Fundraising and Project Management Working Group, and the Advocacy and International Collaboration Working Group have collectively contributed to expanding IFGC’s engagement and visibility at the international level. Established on 12 June 2025, the IFGC Scientific Working Group has advanced international research cooperation through a series of structured meetings. To date, the Group has convened eight meetings, bringing together representatives from Green Crescents in Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, and Nigeria. During this process, all participating countries independently developed and submitted research proposals reflecting their national priorities in addiction prevention and treatment, marking the first fully self-led international funding application undertaken by Green Crescents. The eighth meeting of the Scientific Working Group, held on 23 January 2026, focused on refining the Group’s draft roadmap. Discussions highlighted the potential cultural adaptation of the Turkish Addiction Prevention Programme (TBM) as well as opportunities for strengthened international cooperation. The meeting also explored the Working Group’s potential role in supporting IFGC’s collaboration with international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and the International Organization for Migration (IOM), particularly in the development of evidence-based project concepts and the identification of regional and thematic priorities. The IFGC Fundraising and Project Management Working Group has served as a collaborative platform to enhance the fundraising and project management capacities of Country Green Crescents, guided by principles of transparency, inclusiveness, and collective accountability. Throughout 2025, the Group held four online meetings addressing shared challenges in grant access, proposal development, compliance, reporting, and project implementation. The election of Dr. Mousa Daoud, President of the Jordan Green Crescent, as Chair further strengthened coordination and collective learning among member organizations. Launched in December 2025, the IFGC Advocacy and International Collaboration Working Group has focused on reinforcing IFGC’s engagement within United Nations platforms, particularly the Commission on Narcotic Drugs. Through a series of online meetings, members coordinated advocacy efforts related to written and oral statements, side event planning, sponsorship mechanisms, and thematic priorities aligned with public health–oriented drug policies. Discussions also emphasized broader advocacy opportunities beyond the CND and highlighted the importance of coordination with other IFGC Working Groups to ensure coherent, credible, and sustained international advocacy.  

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